Ferdinand Hurter and Vero Charles Driffield were 19th century scientists who are responsible for first really making film that had certain exposure times and methods of development and how silver changed under different conditions and variables, this is known as sensitometry. They also worked with densitometry, which is the measurement of optical density in light sensitive materials, such as film. They are the people responsible for developing the predictable/easy to use film and exposure times that we use in photography nowadays. It has to be some of the most intense science done for an artistic purpose…
check out the wikipedia article for more details:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurter_and_Driffield
Thanks.
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